EGR 224/Spring 2011/Final

This page is the review sheet for the Final Exam for EGR 224 for Spring, 2011. The final will be held Thursday, May 5th, from 9AM-Noon in Schiciano B, in accordance with the Exam Schedule for Spring 2011

HW 9 Issues

Specific items that come up from grading HW 9 will be posted here as they come up.

Coverage

This exam is cumulative. The focus will be on the material covered by the homework assignments.

1. Circuit elements
   1. Know the voltage/current model equations for R, L, and C
   2. Know continuity condition for L and C
   3. Properly apply passive sign convention to circuits with R, L, C
   4. Determine instantaneous power absorbed or delivered by passive and active elements in R, L, C circuits
2. Circuit analysis
   1. Label circuit and determine equations using NVM and MCM
   2. Determine Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits; for resistive circuits, be able to draw the components - for reactive circuits, be able to calculate their equivalent impedance at a single frequency
   3. Clearly use superposition to subdivide analysis into several simpler parts (no controlled sources here)
   4. Be able to use voltage and current division in general, and in concert with superposition in particular
3. DC steady-state analysis of reactive circuits - all sources must be DC or use superposition to examine DC components
   1. Capacitors act like open circuits
   2. Inductors act like short circuits
4. AC steady-state analysis of reactive circuits
   1. Phasor analysis for single-frequency sources
   2. Phasor analysis coupled with superposition for circuits with sources at different frequencies - you can either do each individual component of all the sources independently or group components by frequency.
5. Impedance and transfer functions
6. Filters
   1. Be able to determine filter type by transfer function or by Bode plot
   2. 1st order filters
      1. Determine cutoff frequency (half-power or -3dB frequency) and filter type
      2. Be able to determine filter type given a circuit or design a circuit given a filter type. This type of question would be limited to voltage-to-voltage filters
   3. 2nd order filters
      1. Be able to determine filter type given a circuit
      2. For high-pass or low-pass filters, be able to determine cutoff (half-power) frequencies
      3. For band-pass filters, be able to determine bandwidth, quality, damping ratio, cutoff frequencies, corner frequencies for the straight-line approximation to the Bode magnitude plot, logarithmic center frequency, and linear center frequency
      4. Be able to design a band-pass or band-reject filter given sufficient information (some combination of bandwidth, quality, damping ratio, cutoff/cut-on frequencies,corner frequencies for the straight-line approximation to the Bode magnitude plot, logarithmic center frequency, and linear center frequency). You will not be asked to design any passive filter that requires more than three components.
7. Bode plots
   1. Be able to sketch Bode magnitude plot approximation for multiple zero/pole system assuming poles and zeros are
      1. real, and
      2. at least a decade away from each other (i.e. no tricky cases)
   2. Be able to interpret straight-line approximations to the Bode magnitude plot with respect to bandwidth, quality, damping ratio, cutoff/cut-on frequencies, corner frequencies for the straight-line approximation to the Bode magnitude plot, logarithmic center frequency, and linear center frequency
8. DC Step response of 1st order circuit
   1. Determine initial conditions using continuity requirements
   2. Determine differential equation using time or frequency techniques
   3. Determine solution to 1st order differential equations with constant forcing functions
   4. Accurately sketch solution to 1st order differential equations with constant forcing functions including slopes at time constants
9. Higher order circuits
   1. Determine transfer functions between a source and an output
   2. Determine differential equation using time or frequency techniques
   3. Solve using substitution of circuit elements for initial values and Laplace techniques
10. Operational Amplifiers
    1. Know ideal op-amp assumptions, their applications in negative-feedback circuits, and impedance requirements as not to "break" the assumptions
    2. Determine appropriate KVL or KCL equations as needed to solve for voltages or currents in circuits with operational amplifiers
    3. Design 1st and 2nd order filters based on filter parameters such as passband gain, half-power frequencies, corner frequencies, natural frequency, linear center frequency, or bandwidth.
    4. Design circuits to perform addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication based on buffer, summation, difference, inverting and noninverting configurations.
11. Laplace Transforms
    1. Understand the concepts of impulse response and step response for LTI systems and their relationship to the transfer function
    2. Be able to set up and solve circuit equations using Bilateral Laplace Transform versions of impedance equations
    3. Be able to set up and solve circuit equations using Unilateral Laplace Transform equivalents of inductors and capacitors with initial conditions other than 0.
       • Specifically, know how to replace a capacitor or inductor with a version storing no initial energy in series with an appropriate voltage source.
    4. Know the MOAT forwards and backwards and be able to use it to solve problems using Laplace transforms.
    5. Be able to use partial fraction expansion to help with inverse Laplace transforms of relatively simple frequency space representations.

AntiCoverage

Things not on the test:

1. Digital logic
2. Sensors
3. Maple commands
4. MATLAB commands
5. Simulink

You will not need to memorize the structure of a Sallen-Key filter (from the lab), though one could certainly be provided for you to analyze. Similarly, you do not need to memorize the transfer equation between an input voltage and the angular shaft position of a motor, but that equation may be given to you to analyze.